Selection of Shear Modulus Correlation for SPT N Values based on Site Response Studies

  • Anbazhagan Panjamani Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore Bangalore India 560 012. Geology and Geophysics Department, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAUDI ARABIA
  • Manohar DR Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore Bangalore India 560 012.
  • Sayed SR Moustafa Geology and Geophysics Department, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAUDI ARABIA Seismology Department, National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics (NRIAG), Cairo 11421,
  • Nassir S.N. Al-Arifi Geology and Geophysics Department, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAUDI ARABIA
Keywords: Shear modulus, correlation, SPT-N values, site response, amplification

Abstract

Representative evaluation of soil response requires the input parameters to be close to the physical behavior of soil column in the site. Several site response studies are carried out worldwide, considering limited representative parameter of stiffness of soil column, which was arrived from  shear modulus correlation. Bore hole data with SPT (Standard Penetration Test) - N values are used in earthquake geotechnical engineering for estimating dynamic properties and there by ground response parameters. The shear stiffness of soil column is estimated considering the existing correlations between SPT and shear wave velocity or shear modulus. As per our knowledge, there is no clear cut guideline regarding the use of a suitable correlation for estimating representative shear stiffness of a specific soil column for response studies. In this study, an attempt has been made to identify a suitable correlation for estimating shear modulus (Gmax)  for different  types of soils such as sand, clay and gravel or the mixture of all (sand, clay, gravel, sandy soil). Sites with earthquake data recorded at the surface, (soil profiles along with SPT N values and shear wave velocity) are selected from K-NET (Japanese website) data set. Collected earthquake data consists of moment magnitude (Mw) ranging from 5.0 to 9.0, which are recorded at different epicentral distances. Nonlinear site response studies have been carried out by considering earthquake data recorded at a rock site as an input ground motion to the soil profiles as published in K-NET data site. Surface ground motion and response spectrums are further obtained from different Gmax correlations and are compared with surface recorded time histories for the same event. This study shows that peak ground acceleration (PGA), response spectrums (RS) and amplification factor (AF) obtained from very few Gmax correlations are comparable with the recorded PGA, response spectrum and amplification factor.

Author Biographies

Anbazhagan Panjamani, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore Bangalore India 560 012. Geology and Geophysics Department, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAUDI ARABIA
Assistant Professor,
Associate Faculty, CiSTUP
Department of Civil Engineering,
Manohar DR, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore Bangalore India 560 012.
Student
Sayed SR Moustafa, Geology and Geophysics Department, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAUDI ARABIA Seismology Department, National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics (NRIAG), Cairo 11421,
Geology and Geophysics Department, Professor
Nassir S.N. Al-Arifi, Geology and Geophysics Department, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAUDI ARABIA

Geology and Geophysics Department

Professor

References

Adams, J. 2007. Soil amplification in Ottawa from urban strong ground motion records. Proceeding to the Ninth Canadian conference on earthquake engineering. Ottawa, Canada.

Anbazhagan, P. Aditya Parihar. & Rashmi, H.N. 2012. Review of correlations between SPT N and shear modulus: A new correlation applicable to any region. Soil Dynamics and earthquake engineering. Vol.36. Pp.52-69.

Anbazhagan, P. Neaz Sheikh, M. & Aditya, P. 2013. Influence of Rock Depth on Seismic Site Classification for Shallow Bedrock Regions. Natural Hazard Review ASCE. Vol.14(2). Pp. 108–121.

Anbazhagan, P. Manohar, D.R. Sayed SR Moustafa. & Nassir, S. Al-Arifi. 2015. Effect of Shear Modulus Correlation on Site Response Study. Disaster Advances. Vol. 8(2). Pp.16-30.

Anbazhagan, P. Sitharam, T.G. 2010. Relationship between low strain shear modulus and standard penetration test ‘N’ values. ASTM Geotechnical Testing Journal. Vol. 33(2). Pp.150–164.

Chen, W.F. Scawthorn, C. 2003. Earthquake Engineering Handbook. New York, U.S.A, CRC Press.

Crow, H. Hunter, J.A. Pugin, A. Gooks, G. Motasedian, D. & Khasheshi-Banab, K. 2007. Shear wave measurements for earthquake response evaluation in Orleans, Ontario. Proceedings of the 60th Canadian Geotechnical Conference. Ottawa, Cannada. Vol. 2. Pp. 871-879.

Hara, A. Ohta, T. Niwa, M. Tanaka, S. & Banno, T. 1974. Shear modulus and shear strength of cohesive soils. Soils and Foundations. Vol.14. Pp. 1-12.

Hashash, Y.M.A. Groholski, D.R. Phillips, C.A. Park, D. Musgrove, M. 2012. DEEPSOIL 5.1, User Manual and Tutorial, Pp.107.

Hwang, H.H.M. & Lee, C.S. 1991. Parametric study of site response analysis. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering. Vol.10, No 6. Pp.282-290.

Imai, T. & Yoshimura, Y. 1970. Elastic wave velocity and soil properties in soft soil (in Japanese)Tsuchito-Kiso. Vol.18, No1. Pp.17–22.

Imai, T. Tonouchi, K. 1982. Correlation of N-value with S-wave velocity and shear modulus. In: Proceedings of the 2nd European Symposium on penetration testing. Pp. 57–72.

Kramer, S.L. 1996. Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering. Published by Pearson Education Ptd. Ltd, Reprinted 2003, Delhi, India.

Kyoshin Net (K-Net) Strong Motion Database. National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention. Ibaraki-Kenn, Japan, (http://www. K-net.bosai.go.jp).

Marano, K.D. Wald, D.J. Allen, T.L. 2010. Global earthquake casualties due to secondary effects: a quantitative analysis for improving rapid loss analyses. Natural Hazards. Vol.52. Pp.319–28.

Matasovic. Neven. & Vucetic, M. 1993. Cyclic Characterization of Liquefiable Sand, ASCE Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering. Vol.119(11). Pp.1805-1822.

Ohba, S. Toriumi, I. 1970. Research on vibration characteristics of soil deposits in Osaka, part 2, on velocities of wave propagation and predominant periods of soil deposits. Abstract, Technical meeting of Architectural Institute of Japan[in Japanese].

Ohta, T. Hara, A. Niwa, M. Sakano, T.1972. Elastic moduli of soil deposits estimated by N-values. In: Proceedings of the 7th annual conference. The Japanese Society of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering. Pp.265–8.

Ohsaki, Y. Iwasaki, R. 1973. Dynamic shear moduli and Poisson’s ratio of soil deposits. Soils and Foundations. Vol.13(4). Pp.61–73.

Ohta, Y. Goto, N. 1976. Estimation of S-wave velocity in terms of characteristic indices of soil. Butsuri-Tanko, Vol.29(4). Pp.34–41 [in Japanese].

Rathje, E.M. & Kottke, A.R. 2011. Relative differences between equivalent linear and nonlinear site response methods.Paper presented at the 5th International conference on earthquake geotechnical engineering, Santiago, Chile.

Schnabel, P.B. Lysmer, J. & Seed, H. Bolton. 1972. SHAKE: A Computer Program for Earthquake Response Analysis of Horizontally Layered Sites. Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley:Report No. UCB/EERC-72/12: 102.

Schnabel, P.B. 1973. Effects of Local Geology and Distance from Source on Earthquake Ground Motion, Ph.D. Thesis, University of California, Berkeley, California.

Seed, H.B. & Idriss, I.M. 1970. Soil Moduli and Damping Factors for Dynamic Response Analyses. Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, California, Rep. No. EERC-70/10.

Seed, H.B. Idriss, I.M. & Arango, I. 1983. Evaluation of liquefaction potential using field performance data. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering. Vol.109(3). Pp.458–482.

Seed, H.B. Wong, R. Idriss, I.M. & Tokimatsu, K. 1986. Moduli and damping factors for dynamic analyses of cohesionless soils. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE. Vol.112, No. 11. Pp.1016-1032.

SHAKE2000 (2009). A computer program for the 1-D Analysis of Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering Program. Users Manual, Pp.258.

Vucetic, M. & Dobry, R. 1991. Effect of soil plasticity on cyclic response. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,ASCE. Vol.117 (1). Pp. 89-107.

Published
2016-10-09
Issue
Vol 4 No 3 (2016)
Section
Civil Engineering