The Architecture of Mosque Integration of Decoration, Functionality, and Spirituality: An Overview of Najd Region Mosque Architecture

Abstract

Mosques are among the most advanced forms of religious architecture. With the Muslim community's rapid expansion through modernity along with clearly defined Islamic life needs activities, setting aside an enclosed area in small settlements or large towns became necessary for established communal worship. The purpose of this study is to analyze and develop the structure, structural decoration, and material and design choices made by mosques during the traditional period of Najd, Saudi Arabia's central region. While mosque architecture during the traditional Najdi Muslim period demonstrates its religious identity, as is frequently noted, secular architecture's ideas are not spiritually motivated in a cosmic sense. Indeed, the architectural concept and material selection and the functional and aesthetic uses of an object all contribute to determining what it expresses. A process that incorporates standard materials, skilled labor, innovative ideas, and socioeconomic and geographical factors may be used to construct any magnificent architecture. Thus, this study provides an overview of the historical architecture of the current syntax of "Najd Mosques Architecture" to facilitate knowledge and comprehension when designing contemporary mosques that incorporate elements of history and culture, religion, the environment, and sustainability.