A novel search technique to solve load flow of distribution networks
Abstract
This paper suggests an unaccustomed way to make the load flow solution of the prevailing distribution networks (DNs) more efficiently. It is based on an in-depth study involving a novel search technique to find the link between all nodes in the feeder, lateral(s), and sublateralals(s)
with the aim of avoiding the repetitive search. The suggested method does not need any manual coding for source node of the feeder, lateral(s), and sublateral(s). The powerful search technique automatically forms arrays of nodes of the feeder, lateral(s), or sublateral(s). An expression of voltage equation is derived to compute the voltage of each node along with an expression of voltage angle to compute the angle of the voltage of each node. The suggested method has been tried out
on eight standard radial distribution networks (RDNs) including one practical Indian RDN to show its capacity of convergence. The proposed method is also examined on different types of load modelling of the existing practical system. The suggested technique has been also correlated with the other methods available in the field of RDNs. Distributed generation (DG) placement in 69- node RDN has also been done to show its capacity for handling DG. The suggested technique has
also been extended to mesh distribution network (MDN) and also for to unbalanced distribution network (UDN).
References
Abul’Wafa, Ahmed R. 2011. New heuristic approach for optimal reconfiguration in distribution systems.
Electric Power Systems Research 81: 282 -289.
Abul’Wafa, Ahmed R. 2012. A network topology based load flow for radial distribution networks with
composite and exponential load. Electric Power Systems Research 91: 37- 43.
Baran, M. E. & Wu, F. F. 1989a. Optimal sizing of capacitors placed on a radial distribution system. IEEE
Transactions on Power Delivery 2:735- 843.
Baran, M. E. & Wu, F. F. 1989b. Network reconfiguration in distribution systems for loss reduction and loss
balancing. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 4(2):1401- 1407.
Borivoje, S. Barbic 1983. Decoupled load flow with variables in rectangular form. IEE Proceedings-
Generation, Transmission & Distribution (Part C) 130(3): 98- 102.
Cheng, C. S. & Shirmohammadi, D 1995. A three-phase power low method for real-time distribution
system analysis. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 10 (2) : 671- 679.
Chen, T. H. & Yang, N. C. 2010. Loop frame of reference based three-phase power flow for unbalanced
radial distribution systems. International Journal of Electric Power Systems Research 80(7) : 799806-.
Chinag, Haiso-Dong & Baran, M. E. 1990. On the existence and uniqueness of load flow solutions for radial
distribution power networks. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems 37 (3): 410- 416.
Chiang, H. D. 1991. A decoupled load flow method for distribution power networks: algorithm, analysis and
convergence study. International Journal of Electric Power Research 13(3): 130- 138.
Das, D., Kothari, D. P. & Kalam, A. 1995. Simple and efficient method for load flow solution of radial
distribution networks. Electrical Power and Energy Systems 17 (5): 335 -346.
Das, D., Nagi, H. S. & Kothari, D. P. 1994. Novel method for solving radial distribution networks. IEE
Proceedings-Generation, Transmission & Distribution (Part C) 141 (4): 291 -298.
Devabalaji, K. R., Ravi, K. & Kothari, D. P. 2015. Optimal location and sizing of capacitor placement
in radial distribution system using bacterial foraging optimization algorithm. International Journal of
Electrical Power and Energy Systems 71: 383–390.
Dharmas , Radhakrishana, C. & Jain, H. S. 2008. Graphical information based power flow algorithm for
radial distribution networks. International Journal of Electrical Engineering 4 (4): 1- 11.
Dilek, M., De, Leon F., Broadwater, R. & Lee, S. 2010. A robust multiphase power flow for general
distribution networks. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 25 (2): 760- 768.
Eltantawy , A. B. & Salama, M. M. A. 2014. A novel zooming algorithm for distribution load flow analysis
for smart grid. IEEE transactions on Smart Grid 5 (4): 1701 -1711.
Eminoglu, U. & Hocaoglu, M. H. 2004. A new power flow method for radial distribution including voltage
dependent load models. Electric Power Systems Research 76:106- 114.
Ghosh, S. & Das, D. 1999. Method for load flow solution of radial distribution networks. IEE Proceedings-
Generation, Transmission & Distribution (Part C) 146 (6): 641- 648.
Ghosh, S. & Sherpa, Karma Sonam 2008. An efficient method for load flow solution of radial distribution
network. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 21: 700 -707.
Ghosh, S. 2009. A new technique for load flow analysis of radial distribution networks. International Journal
of Engineering and Technology 1 (1): 75- 81.
Goswami , S. K. & Basu, S. K. 1991. Direct Solutions of Distribution Systems, IEE Part C (GTD) 138(1): 78 – 88.
Goswami, S. K. & Basu, S. K. 1992. A new algorithm for the reconfiguration of distribution feeders for loss
minimization. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 7: 1484 -1491.
Hamouda, Abdellatif & Zehar, Khalid 2011. Improved algorithm for radial distribution networks load flow
solution. International Journal of Electric Power and Energy systems 33 (3): 508- 514.
Khodr, H. M., Ocaque, L., Yusta, J. M. & Rosa, M. A. 2006. New load flow method S-E oriented for large
distribution networks. IEEE/PES TDC Latin America: 1- 6.
Janecek, E. & Georgiev, D. 2012. Probabilistic extension of the backward/ forward load flow analysis
method. IEEE transactions on Power Systems 27 (2): 695- 704.
Li, Liu, Zhizhong, Guo & Chengmin, Wang 2002. A new topology structure and load flow solution for
radial distribution networks. Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Power System Technology 2 (Oct.13-
China: 1064- 1067.
Lin, W. M. & Teng, J. H. 1996. Phase decoupled load flow method for radial and weakly meshed distribution
networks. IEE Proceedings-Generation, Transmission & Distribution 143 (1): 39- 42.
Kersting, H. & Philips, W. H. 1987. A radial three-phase power flow program for the personal computer.
Proceedings of Frontier Power Conference, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK (Oct 26 -27).
Kumar, N. M. G., Raju, P. S., Venkatesh, P. & Reddy, P. M. 2013. Reliability improvement of radial
distribution system with incorporating protecting devices-case study. International Journal of Engineering
Sciences & Emerging Technologies 4 (2):60- 74.
Narayan, K. S. & Kumar, A. 2015. Impact of wind correlation and load correlation on probabilistic load
flow of radial distribution systems. IEEE International Conference on Signal Processing, Informatics,
Communication and Energy Systems (SPICES), Kozhikode (Kerala), 1921- Feb: 1 -5.
Nguyen, C. P. & Flueck, A. J. 2015. A novel agent based distributed power flow solver for smart grids. IEEE
Transactions on Smart Grid 6 (3):1261- 1270.
Nikmehr, N. & Najafi Ravadanegh, S. 2015. Heuristic probabilistic power flow algorithm for microgrids
operation and planning. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 9 (11): 985 -995.
Prakash, K. & Sydulu, M. 2007. Particle swarm optimization based capacitor placement on radial
distribution systems. IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting: 1- 5.
Ranjan, R. & Das, D. 2004. Simple and efficient computer algorithm to solve radial distribution networks.
Electric Power Components and Systems 31 (1): 95 -107.
Ranjan, R., Venkatesh, B., Chaturvedi, A. & Das, D. 2004. Power flow solution of three-phase unbalanced
radial distribution network. Electric Power Components and Systems 32: 421 -433.
Satyanarayana, S., Ramana, T., Sivanagaraju, S. & Rao, G. K. 2007. An efficient load flow solution for
radial distribution network including voltage dependent load models. Electric Power Components and
Systems 35 (5): 539 – 551.
Shirmohammadi, D., Hong, H., Semlyen, A. & Luo, G. 1988. A compensation-based power flow method for
weakly meshed distribution and transmission networks. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 3(2): 753 -762.
Singh, Kultar Deep & Ghosh, S. 2011. A new efficient method for load flow solution for radial distribution
networks. Electrical Review: Engineering and Technology: 66- 73.
Singh, Sachin & Ghose, T. 2013. Improved load flow method. International Journal of Electric Power &
Energy Systems 44 (1): 721- 723.
Suharati, Fitriana, Fajar, U. P. Dimas, Penangsang, O. & Soeprijant, A. 2014. Capacitor placement and
sizing in distorted distribution systems using simplified direct search algorithm. Journal of Clean Energy
Technologies 2 (4): 317 -321.
Teng, J. H. & Chang, A. Y. 2002. A novel and fast three-phase load flow for unbalanced radial distribution
systems, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 17: 1238 -1244.
Tinney, W. F. 1971.Compensation methods for network solutions by triangular factorizations. Proceedings of
PICA Conference, Boston, Mass, May 24 -26.
Thukaram, D, Banda, H. M. W. & Jerome, J. 1991. A robust three phase power flow algorithm for radial
distribution systems, International Journal of. Electric Power Systems Research 50: 227 -236.
Venkatesh, B. & Ranjan, R. 2003. Data structure for radial distribution system load flow analysis. IEE
Proceedings-Generation, Transmission & Distribution 150 (1): 101 -106.
Vulasala, G., Sirigiri, S. & Thiruveedula, R. 2009. Feeder reconfiguration for loss reduction in unbalanced
distribution system using genetic algorithm. International Journal of Computer, Electrical, Automation,
Control and Information Engineering 3: 1050 -1058.
Yuntao, J.u, Wenchun, W.u, Bomin, Zhang Z. & Hongbin, Sun S. 2014. Loop analysis based continuous power
flow algorithm for distribution networks. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 8 (7): 1284- 1292.
