A review of techniques to avoid cross-tier and co-tier interference in femtocell networks
Abstract
Femtocell Networks are the proposed solution for deployment in homes that enables an indoor mobile user to achieve high speed downloading from the internet and make good quality voice calls. A femtocell network also provides relief to an overloaded macrocell network by servicing mobile users at home which without the femtocell network have to be served by the macrocell. However, like all wireless networks, femtocell networks suffer from the problem of interference. This interference can be divided into two types, Cross-tier (between femtocells and macrocells) and Co-tier (between femtocells). The avoidance or management of these two types of interference is crucial to the proper functionality of a femtocell i.e. to provide high data rate and high quality voice calls to indoor mobile users. Several techniques have been proposed in literature to avoid these types of interference. These are cognitive radio, resource allocation, power control, Q-learning and access control. The findings of the review are that in terms of high efficiency and low/moderate complexity, cognitive radio, power control and Q-learning interference avoidance techniques outperforms the resource allocation and access control schemes.
References
Chandrasekhar, V., Andrews, J., & Gatherer, A. 2008. Femtocell networks: a survey. IEEE Commun. Mag. 46(9): 59-67.
GPP TR 25.820 V8.0.0, 2008. Technical specification group radio access networks; 3G Home Node B study item technical report.
GPP TR 25.968 V10.0.0, 2011. Technical specification group radio access networks; 1.28Mcps TDD Home Node B radio frequency (RF).
Ahmed, A.U., Islam, M.T., & Ismail, M. 2014. A Review on Femtocell and its Diverse Interference Mitigation Techniques in Heterogeneous Networks. Wireless Personal Communication, 78(1): 85–106.
Perez, D. L., Valcarce, A., Ladanyi, A., Roche, G. De. La. & Zhang, J. 2010. Intracell handover for interference and handover mitigation in OFDMA two-tier macrocell-femtocell networks,” EURASIP J. Wirel. Commun. and Netw. 2010:142629.
Gur, G., Bayhan, S., & Alagoz, F. 2010. Cognitive femtocell networks: an overlay architecture for localized dynamic spectrum access [Dynamic Spectrum Management]. IEEE Wirel. Commun. 17(4):62-70.
Rathna, R., & Sivasubramanian, A. 2014. Energy conservation in radiation monitoring. Journal of Engg. Research. 2(2):123-138.
Saquib, N., Hossain, E., Le, L. B., & Kim, D. I. 2012. Interference Management in OFDMA Femtocell Networks: Issues and Approaches. IEEE Wirel. Commun. vol. 19(3), 86-95.
Perez, D. L., Valcarce, A., Roche, G. De La., & Zhang, J. 2009. OFDMA Femtocells: A roadmap on interference avoidance. IEEE Commun. Mag., 47(9):41-48.
Yavuz, M., Meshkati, F., Nanda, S., Pokhariyal, A., Johnson, N., Raghothaman, B., & Richardson, A. 2009. Interference Management and performance analysis of UMTS/HSPA+ Femtocells. IEEE Commun. Mag., 47(9): 102-109.
Mitola, J., III. 2000. Cognitive radio: An integrated agent architecture for software defined radio. Ph.D. thesis, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
FCC ET docket No. 03-108. 2005. Facilitating opportunities for flexible, efficient, and reliable spectrum use employing cognitive radio technologies.
Benedetto, M. G. di., Hua, Y., Kaiser, T. & Wang, X. 2008. Cognitive radio technology. IEEE Sig. Process. Mag., 25(6):1-10.
Zhang, L., Yang, L., & Yang, T. 2010. Cognitive interference management for LTE-A femtocells with distributed carrier selection. Proceedings of 72nd IEEE Veh. Tech. Conf., Otawa, Canada.
Li, Y.-Y., Macuha, M., Sousa, E. S., Sato, T. & Nanri, M. 2009. Cognitive interference management in 3G femtocells. Proceedings of 20th IEEE Personal Indoor Mobile Radio Commun. Tokyo, Japan.
Li, Y.-Y. & Sousa. E. S. 2010. Cognitive uplink interference management in 4G cellular femtocells. Proceedings of 21st IEEE Personal Indoor Mobile Radio Commun. Istanbul, Turkey.
Li, Y.-Y. & Sousa, E. S. 2012. Cognitive Femtocell: A cost effective approach towards 4G autonomous Infrastructure networks. Wireless Personal Communication, 64(1): 65-78.
Oh. D.-C., Lee, H.-C. & Lee, Y.-H. 2010. Cognitive radio based femtocell resource allocation. Proceedings of IEEE Info. And Commun. Tech. Conf., Jeju, South Korea.
Pantisano, F., Ghaboosi, K., Bennis, M. & Latva-Aho, M. 2010. Interference avoidance via resource scheduling in TDD underlay femtocells. Proceedings of 21st IEEE Personal Indoor Mobile Radio Commun. Istanbul, Turkey.
Berangi, R., Saleem, S., Faulkner, M. & Ahmed, W. 2011. TDD Cognitive Radio Femtocell Network (CRFN) Operation in FDD Downlink Spectrum. Proceedings of 22nd IEEE Personal Indoor Mobile Radio Commun. Toronto, Canada.
Ahmed, W., Gao, J., Saleem, S. & Faulkner, M. 2011. An access technique for secondary network in downlink channels. Proceedings of 22nd IEEE Personal Indoor Mobile Radio Commun., Toronto, 2011, pp.423-427.
Mach, P. & Becvar, Z. 2014. Hybrid Cognitive Approach for Femtocell Interference Mitigation,” presented at the International Conf. on Netw. Nice, France.
Wang, W., Yu, G. & Huang, A. 2013. Cognitive radio enhanced interference coordination for femtocell networks. IEEE Commun. Mag., 51(6):37-43.
Huang, L. & Zhu, G. 2013. Cognitive Femtocell Networks: An Opportunistic Spectrum Access for Future Indoor Wireless Coverage. IEEE Wirel. Commun. 20(2):44-51.
Sahin, M. E., Guvenc, I., Moo-Ryong, J. & Arslan, H. 2009. Handling CCI and ICI in OFDMA femtocell networks through frequency scheduling. IEEE Trans. Consumer Electronics, 55(4):1936-1944.
Cheng, S.-M., Ao, W. C. & Chen, C. K.-C. 2010. Downlink capacity of two-tier cognitive femto networks. Proceedings of 21st IEEE Personal Indoor Mobile Radio Commun., Istanbul, 2010, pp.1303-1308.
Guvenc, I., Moo-Ryong, J., Sahin, M.E., Huilin, X. & Watanabe, F. 2010. Interference avoidance in 3GPP femtocell networks using resource partitioning and sensing,” in Proc. 21st IEEE Personal Indoor Mobile Radio Commun., Istanbul, Turkey.
Barbarossa, S., Sardellitti, S., Carfagna, A. & Vecchiarelli, P. 2010. Decentralized interference management in femtocells: A game-theoretic approach. Proceedings of 5th IEEE CROWNCOM, Cannes, France.
Mustika, W. I., Yamamoto, K., Murata, H. & Yoshida, S. 2011. Potential game approach for self-organized interference management in closed access femtocell networks. Proceedings of 73rd IEEE VTC, Budapest, Hungary.
Bennis, M., Giupponi, L., Diaz, E. M., Lalam, M., Maqbool, M., Strinati, E. C., Domenico, A. De & Latva-aho, M. 2011. Interference management in self-organized femtocell networks: The BeFEMTO approach. Proceedings of 2nd Wirel. Commun. Veh. Tech., Info. Theory and Aerospace & Elec. Sys. Tech. (Wireless VITAE), Chennai, India.
Chandrasekhar, V., & Andrews, J. G. 2008. Spectrum Allocation in Two-Tier Networks. Proceedings of the Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers. (California, USA, 2008).
Chandrasekhar, V., & Andrews, J. G., 2009. Spectrum Allocation in Tiered Cellular Networks,” IEEE Trans. Commun., 57(10):3059-3068.
Yi, W., Dongmei, Z., Hai, J. & Ye, W. 2009. A Novel Spectrum Arrangement Scheme for Femtocell Deployment in LTE Macrocell. Proceedings of 20th IEEE Personal Indoor Mobile Radio Commun. Tokyo, Japan.
Chowdhury, M.Z., Yeong, J.M. & Haas, J. 2010. Interference mitigation using dynamic frequency re-use for dense femtocell network architectures. Proceedings of 2nd IEEE Conf. on Ubiquitous and Future Netw., Jeju, South Korea.
Saleem, S. & King, H. 2012. Avoidance of co-tier interference between femtocells with different access modes. International J. of Info. and Commun. Tech. Res. (IJICTR), 2(8):617-626.
Lee, K., Jo, O., & Cho, D.-H. 2011. Cooperative resource allocation for guaranteeing intercell fairness in femtocell networks. IEEE Commun. Let. 15(2): 214-216.
Kang, X., Zhang, R., & Motani, M. 2012. Price – based resource allocation for spectrum-sharing femtocell networks: a stackelberg game approach. IEEE J. Selected Areas Commun. 30(3):538-549.
Zhang, H., Chu, X., Ma, W., Zheng, W., & Wen, X. 2012. Resource allocation with interference mitigation in OFDMA femtocells for co-channel deployment. EURASIP J. Wirel. Commun. & Netw., 2012:289.
Ha, V. N., & Le, L. B. 2014. Fair resource allocation for OFDMA femtocell networks with macrocell protection. IEEE Tran. Veh. Tech., 63(3):1388-1401.
Siti, M., Fisal, N., Lo, A., Ghafar, S. S. A., Saparudin, F. A. & Katiran, N. 2014. A demand-based spectrum orthogonalisation scheme for interference avoidance in LTE-Advanced heterogeneous networks,” Tran. Emerging Tele. Tech., 25(8):1-23.
Li, H, Xu, X., Hu, D., Tao, X., Zhang, P., Ci, S. & Tang, H. 2011. Clustering strategy based on Graph method and power control for frequency resource management in femtocell and macrocell overlaid system. Journal of Commun. and Netw., 13(6):664-677.
Li, H, Xu, X., Hu, D., Qu, X., Tao, X. & Zhang, P. 2010. Graph Method Based Clustering Strategy for Femtocell Interference Management and Spectrum Efficiency Improvement. Proceedings of 6th Int. Conf. on Wirel. Commun. Netw. and Mobile Computing (WiCOM), Chengdu, China.
Li, W., Su, T., Zheng, W. & Wen, X. M. 2012. Clustering based resource allocation for inter-femtocell interference management. Journal of Computational Information Systems, 8(4):1457-1466.
Hatoum, A., Aitsaadi, N., Langar, R., Boutaba, R. & Pujolle, G. 2011. FCRA: Femtocell cluster-based resource allocation scheme for OFDMA networks. Proceedings of IEEE Int. Conf. on Commun. (ICC), Kyoto, Japan.
Abdelnasser, A., Hossain, E. & Kim, D. 2014. Clustering and Resource Allocation for Dense Femtocells in a Two-Tier Cellular OFDMA Network. IEEE Wirel. Comms. 13(3):1628-1641.
Lee, P., Lee, T., Jangkeun, J. & Shin, J. 2010. Interference management in LTE femtocell systems using Fractional Frequency Reuse. Proceedings of 12th Int. Conf. on Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT), Phoenix Park, USA,
Lee, T., Yoon, J., Lee, S. & Shin, J. 2010. Interference management in OFDMA Femtocell systems using Fractional Frequency Reuse. Proceedings of IEEE International conference on Communications, Circuits and Systems (ICCCAS), Sichuan, China.
Bouras, C., Kavourgias, G., Kokkinos, V. & Papazois, A. 2012. Interference management in LTE femtocell systems using an adaptive frequency reuse scheme. IEEE Wireless Telecommunications Symposium (WTS), London, UK.
Tariq, F., Dooley, L. S., Poulton, A. S. & Yusheng, J. 2011. Dynamic fractional frequency reuse based hybrid resource management for femtocell networks. Proceedings of 7th IEEE Conf. on Wirel. Commun. and Mobile Computing (IWCMC), Istanbul, Turkey.
Saquib, N., Hossain, E., & Kim, D. I. 2013. Fractional frequency reuse for interference management in LTE-advanced hetnets. IEEE Wireless Communications, 20(2):113-122.
Chandrasekhar, V., Andrews, J.G., Muharemovict, T., Zukang, S. & Gatherer, A. 2009. Power control in two-tier femtocell networks. IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun., 8(8):4316-4328.
Jo, H.-S., Mun, C., Moon, J. & Yook, J.-G. 2009. Interference mitigation using uplink power control for two-tier femtocell networks. IEEE Trans. Wireless Communications,8(10):4906-4910.
Li, X., Qian, Li. & Kataria, D. 2009. Downlink power control in co-channel macrocell femtocell overlay. Proceedings of 43rd Conf. on Information Sciences and Sys. (CISS), Baltimore, USA.
Kim, M.-S., Hui, J. & Tobagi, F. A. 2010. Cross-Tier Interference Mitigation for Two-Tier OFDMA Femtocell Networks with Limited Macrocell Information. Proceedings of IEEE Global Telecom. Conf. (GLOBECOM), Miami, USA.
Hong, E. J., Yun, S. Y. & Dong-Ho, C. 2009. Decentralized power control scheme in femtocell networks: A game theoretic approach. Proceedings of 20th IEEE Personal Indoor Mobile Radio Commun., Tokyo, Japan.
Mach, P. & Becvar, Z. 2011. QoS-guranteed power control mechanism based on the frame utilization of femtocells. EURASIP J. on Wirel. Commun. and Netw., 2011:259253.
Kang, X., Liang, Y.-C. & Garg, H. K. 2011. Distributed power control for spectrum-sharing femtocell networks using stackelberg game. Proceedings of IEEE Int. Conf. on Commun. (ICC), Kyoto, Japan..
Ahmed, I., Kaleem, Z. & Chang, K. 2013. Uplink power control for interference mitigation based on users priority in two-tier femtocell network. Proceedings of IEEE Int. Conf. on ICT convergence (ICTC), Jeju, South Korea.
Nazir, M., Bennis, M., Ghaboosi, K., MacKenzie, A. B. & Latva-aho, M. 2010. Learning based mechanisms for interference mitigation in self-organized femtocell networks. Proceedings of 44th IEEE Asilomar Conf. Signals, Systems and Computers, (ASILOMAR), California, USA.
Bennis, M., & Niyato, D. 2010. A Q-learning based approach to interference avoidance in self-organized femtocell networks. Proceedings of IEEE GLOBECOM Workshops (GC Wkshps), Miami, USA.
Tefft, J. R. & Kirsch, N.J. 2013. Accelerated learning in machine learning-based resource allocation methods for heterogenous network. Proceedings of 7th IEEE Int. Data Acq. and Adv. Comp. Sys. (IDAACS). Berlin, Germany.
Saad, H., Mohamed, A. & ElBatt, T. 2013. A cooperative Q-learning approach for online power allocation in femtocell networks. Proceedings of 78th IEEE Veh. Tech. Conf.(VTC). Las Vegas, USA.
Saad, H., Mohamed, A., & ElBatt, T. 2014. A cooperative Q-learning approach for distributed resource allocation in multi-user femtocell networks. Proceedings of IEEE WCNC. Istanbul. Turkey.
Ghaffar, R. & Ho, P.-H. 2013. Cross-tier interference mitigation in femto-macro cellular architecture in downlink. Proceedings of IEEE Int. Conf. on Commun.(ICC). Budapest, Hungary.
Galindo-Serrano, A. & Giupponi, L. 2013. Self-organised femtocells: A Fuzzy Q-learning Approach. Wireless Networks. 20(3):441-455.
Galindo-Serrano, A. & Giupponi, L. 2010. Distributed Q-learning for interference control in OFDMA-based femtocell networks. Proceedings of 71st IEEE Veh. Tech. Conf. (VTC), Taipei, Taiwan.
Jo, H.-S., Xia, P. & Andrews, J. 2012. Open, closed, and shared access femtocells in the downlink. EURASIP J. on Wirel. Commun. and Netw., 2012:363.
de la Roche, G., Valcarce, A., Lopez-Perez, D. & Zhang, J. 2010. Access control mechanisms for femtocells. IEEE Commun. Mag. 48(1):33-39.
Xia, P., Chandrasekhar, V. & Andrews, J. G. 2010. Open vs. closed access femtocells in the uplink. IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. 9(10):3798 – 3809.
Cheung, W. C., Quek, T. Q. S. & Kountouris, M. 2012. Throughput optimization, spectrum allocation, and access control in two-tier femtocell networks. IEEE J. Sel. Areas in Commun. 30(3):561-574.
Husso, M., Zheng, Z., Hamalain, J., Mutafungwa, E. 2010. Dominant interference mitigation in closed femtocell deployment. Proceedings of 21st IEEE Personal Indoor Mobile Radio Commun., Istanbul, Turkey.
Husso, M., Jyri, H., Riku, J., Juan, L., Edward, M. & Risto, W. 2010. Interference mitigation by practical transmit beamforming methods in closed femtocells. EURASIP J. on Wirel. Commun. and Netw. 2010:186815.
Elsässer, R., Monien, B. & Preis, R. 2002. Diffusion schemes for load balancing on heterogeneous networks. Theory of Computing Systems. 35(3):305–320.
Le, L. B., Hoang, D. T., Niyato, D., Hossain, E. & Kim, D. I. 2012. Joint load balancing and admission control in OFDMA-based femtocell networks. Proceedings of IEEE Int. conf on commun. (ICC), Ottawa,Canada.
Yizhe, Li. and Zhiyong, F. 2011. Enterprise femtocell network optimization based on neural network modelling. Proceedings IEEE Consumer Commun. and Netw. Conf. (CCNC), Las Vegas. USA.
